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Causes & Risk Factors

Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) in the DNA within cells. These mutations can be inherited, caused by lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, or occur randomly as we age. Some common causes and risk factors include: 

Lifestyle Factors:

• Tobacco Use – Leading cause of cancer worldwide (especially lung, throat, and mouth cancers).

• Alcohol Consumption – Increases the risk of liver, breast, mouth, and esophageal cancers.

• Diet & Obesity – Poor diet, obesity, and lack of exercise increase risks for multiple cancer types.

• Sun Exposure – Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds causes skin cancer.

Environmental Exposures:

• Pollution and Toxins – Such as asbestos, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.

• Radiation – Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., X-rays, radon).

Infections:

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) – Linked to cervical, throat, and other cancers.

• Hepatitis B/C – Can lead to liver cancer.

• H. pylori – Associated with stomach cancer.

Genetic & Biological Factors:

• Family History – Some cancers run in families due to inherited gene mutations.

• Age – Cancer risk increases with age due to longer exposure to risk factors.

• Immune Function – A weakened immune system increases susceptibility.